Compared to traditional processing methods and other advanced micro/nano processing methods, femtosecond laser direct writing technology has certain advantages in controllable micro/nano processing, such as no mask, suitable for any material, and small thermal effect. Therefore, it is always used to prepare bionic micro/nano structure surfaces for applications in various fields such as self-cleaning, oil-water separation, and water mist collection. The formation mechanism and design ideas of preparing various micro/nano structures on different materials by femtosecond lasers are analyzed, and the latest research progress on the preparation of the bionic micro/nano structure surfaces by femtosecond laser is summarized. Then, the related concepts and theoretical models of surface wettability, controllable preparation of various micro/nano structures by femtosecond laser, and related industrial applications are explored. Finally, the difficulties and challenges of femtosecond laser processing technology in the field of micro/nano manufacturing are analyzed, and its future development in related fields is prospected.