Laser cleaning technology has attracted widespread attention in both industrial and research fields due to its high efficiency and pollution-free characteristics. This review aims to explore the applications of different wavelength laser sources in cleaning technology, including carbon dioxide lasers, green lasers, ultraviolet lasers, as well as solid-state and fiber lasers. By delving into the characteristics of these laser sources and their applications in cleaning technology, the focus of future developments lies in multi-wavelength collaborative cleaning techniques and the advancement of intelligent cleaning devices, further enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of laser cleaning technology.