Basalt is the raw material of basalt fiber.The content of FeO and Fe2O3 has a great impact on the properties of basalt fibers.ICP-OES and dichromate method were used to test total Fe and Fe2+ in basalt.Suitable instrument parameters and analysis lines of Fe were chosen for ICP-OES.The relative standard deviation (RSD) of ICP-OES is 2.2%,and the recovery is in the range of 98%~101%.The method shows simple,rapid and highly accurate for determination of total Fe and Fe2+ in basalt.The RSD of ICP-OES and dichromate method is 0.42% and 1.4%,respectively.