The Earth’s atmospheric conditions are closely related to climate change and affect human health and ecological environments. Therefore， atmospheric monitoring is of considerable importance. The polarization sensitivity of atmospheric aerosol scattering radiation provides a new idea for the application of optical polarization remote sensing technology for atmospheric detection. Combining the technical development of China's aerial remote sensing system and the demand for environmental atmospheric remote sensing monitoring， an aerial atmospheric multi-angle polarization detection method is proposed. The key technologies include a cluster polarization optics system design， polarization calibration， etc. The atmospheric multi-angle polarimetric radiometer was developed. First， the polarization detection principle of this radiometer is introduced. Thereafter， the optical system solution design is discussed. The influence of multi-angle detection and calibration accuracy of the radiometer on the posterior error of atmospheric aerosol column concentration retrieval was analyzed. Next， using the standard polarized light generator and the absolute radiometric calibration system， the polarization measurement accuracy of the radiometer was verified， and the absolute radiometric calibration uncertainty was obtained. Next， the special multi-angle and multi-spectral polarization detection data processing system was developed for radiometer airborne remote sensing mode. Finally， the field experimental analysis was conducted. The specifications of the radiometer were verified via aerial flight campaigns and ground-based synchronous observation experiments. The results show that the absolute radiation calibration uncertainty of the radiometer is better than 4%. The polarization measurement error was less than 0.5%， and the aerosol optical thickness retrieval error at the synchronous comparison site was less than 0.05. The polarization data measured by the radiometer can be retrieved to obtain atmospheric aerosol optical thickness and other parameters， which can meet the application requirements of regional environmental atmospheric monitoring.