Adhesive tapes are common criminal tools used at crime scenes, and fingermarks and other physical evidence on tapes are crucial. However, the adhesive tapes found at crime scenes are usually overlapped, stuck to each other, or adhered to other objects; thus, the nondestructive extraction approach of fingermarks on the surface of the adhesive tapes has always been one of the most challenging problems in the field of forensic science. In this study, a new approach based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) is proposed to develop the latent fingermarks on the surface of the adhesive tapes and separate the overlapped fingermarks of many layers of adhesive tapes. A self-built OCT system in the frequency domain was used to detect the latent fingermarks hidden on the adhesive tape's surface under three conditions. Two-dimensional cross-section images, en face transversal images, and three-dimensional (3D) rendering images of fingermarks were obtained using the visual processing approach, which was used to examine their mechanisms. The results revealed that OCT technology could not only quickly and nondestructively develop latent fingermarks on the single-layer adhesive tape surface and separate the overlapped fingermarks on multi-layer adhesive tapes but also eliminate the interference of multi-color background patterns at the same time. The quality of the images was high and the details were clear; the distributed information of the third level characteristic, such as sweat pores, can be observed through 3D rendering as well. This offers a new technique and approach for developing fingermarks.