This paper proposes a dual-control adjustable terahertz metamaterial broadband absorber based on a mixed material of graphene and vanadium dioxide (VO₂). The absorber has the advantages of simple structure, switchable absorption/transmission/reflection, and large modulation depth. The absorptivity control of the absorber can be achieved by changing the phase transition characteristics of VO₂ and the Fermi energy level of graphene. When VO₂ is in a metallic state, the absorber can achieve broadband absorption with an absorptivity greater than 90% in the frequency range of 1.07-2.59 THz, and exhibits excellent absorption performance under a wide range of incident and polarization angles for TE and TM polarizations. By changing the Fermi energy of the graphene, the in-band absorptivity can be dynamically adjusted, and the modulation depth is greater than 67.2%. When VO₂ is in an insulating state, the device behaves as an adjustable transmission mode regulated by the graphene Fermi energy level, with a transmittance modulation depth greater than 40%. Furthermore, by controlling both the VO₂ phase transition characteristics and the graphene Fermi energy level, the in-band absorptivity modulation depth of the absorber can be increased to more than 90%, and the maximum modulation depth is 99.7%. The absorber realizes a terahertz dual-control absorber with good tuning characteristics through two independently controllable materials, and has potential applications in the field of terahertz smart devices (such as attenuators, reflectors, and spatial modulators).