With the development of the optical fiber sensing technology, this technology is researched and applied in various fields. The latest progress of the optical fiber sensing technology and application development in some fields are summarized. The principle, advantage and disadvantage and research direction of the fiber grating sensor, arrayed fiber sensing system, distributed fiber sensing system and fiber sensor with the intelligence structure are introduced, they are the current hot topics. The application trends of fiber sensing technology in military, perimeter security, engineering application and electric power industry are introduced. The future of the optical fiber sensing technology is prospected.