Mn2+ doped garnet-type Na2CaSn2Ge3O12 phosphor was selected and studied due to its abundant chemical compositions and several crystallographic sites. Several ion substitution strategies including the chemical substitution of Na+/Sr2+/Ba2+ on Ca2+ sites and the anti-site occupation of Sn4+/Ge4+ were designed for regulating the different energy traps and promoting multimode luminescence properties like persistent luminescence, X-ray storage capacities and mechano-luminescence. In addition, the X-ray luminescence storage and mechano-luminescence properties of these materials as well as their applications on X-ray luminescence extension imaging and stress sensing were also investigated.