A time-differential imaging method using a dual-line-array time delayed and integration (TDI) CCD optical camera is proposed in this paper, precisely measuring the motion parameters of the dynamic aircraft. Firstly, based on the spatiotemporal information of the aircraft obtained by the optical satellites, the velocity on the image plane and the twice imaging time interval are calculated. The improved scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm that integrates the aerodynamic configuration of the aircraft is proposed to extract the region of interest. After that, the geometric centers of the aircraft images are determined with the median method, and then the velocity vector of the aircraft can be obtained by synthesizing a variety of spatial parameters and mathematical techniques. Finally, using the snapshots of the dynamic aircraft in the area of Harbin captured by the commercial satellite JL-1, the calculated results are quite close to its actual motion characteristics, which verify our method. This paper plays a guiding role in the evaluation and surveillance of dynamic aircraft.