Superelastic shape memory alloy fiber (SMAF) was added into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composites (ECC) to prepare a new SMAF-ECC with good self-centering and energy dissipation performance. The self-centering and energy dissipation performance of SMAF-ECC beams with different SMAF end shapes and diameters were investigated by three-point bending cyclic loading test. The results show that increasing the diameter of SMAF can effectively improve the energy dissipation performance of the specimen, but has little effect on the self-centering performance. The difference of deflection self-recovery rate caused by different fiber diameters in the test is only 5%. The end shape of SMAF has the most significant effect on the self-centering and energy dissipation performance of the specimen, anchoring performance of SMAF with the knotted end is the best. After unloading, the main crack width of the specimen decreases significantly, and the deflection self-recovery rate reaches more than 70%. The test curve has obvious flag-shaped energy dissipation characteristics.