Aiming at the characteristics of strong real-time, high synchronization and high data rate of the focusing and leveling system based on the linear Charge-coupled Device (CCD) imaging principle, an optical fiber communication test system based on the serial RapidIO bus protocol was designed. The system uses Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) as the control core, optical fiber as the transmission medium, and completes the command control and image data transmission during the performance verification process of the focusing and leveling system through the serial RapidIO bus protocol. The SRIO interface design based on dual First Input First Output (FIFO) buffers makes the test system highly versatile and practical. The test results show that the data transmission rate of the optical fiber interface of the system reaches 440 MB/s, which can meet the requirements of data transmission rate and correctness for the performance verification of the focusing and leveling system.