Ultrafast laser can achieve extremely high power in an extremely short time, revealing the extreme interactions between light and matter. They possess advanced material processing capabilities and are ideal driving sources for generating extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and high-order harmonic (HHG) pulses, with broad application prospects in medical diagnostics. Since its inception, the titanium sapphire (Ti:Sa) laser has been a mainstream direction in ultrafast laser research, with pulse widths easily reaching below 50 fs. However, the average power has been limited to a few watts, which restricts its application in broader fields. The post-compression technology, with the introduction of multi-pass cell (MPC) nonlinear pulse compression technology, the combination of ytterbium-doped crystal lasers and MPC nonlinear pulse compression technology, has gradually developed into a promising solution for generating high-power ultrashort pulses. This has yielded impressive results, making it possible to achieve average powers exceeding several kilowatts and single pulse energies. The basic principles of MPC are mainly introduced, the latest research progress in MPC nonlinear pulse compression technology is reviewed, and the future development directions and cutting-edge applications of this technology are pointed out.