To establish the effective evaluation about damage properties of large-aperture and high-energy optic components, we studied the statistics of the surface damage of the DKDP component. We analysed and summarized various kinds of damage distributing in surface of the optic component by step-by-step shooting, merging images and counting damage pits. We investigated correlation distribution of damage types and irradiation conditions using statistics of surface damage data, theoretical calculation and demonstration of similar experiment. It is found that positions of damage pits are closely relevant to distribution of energy density of laser beam (3ω). When the energy density exceeds 6.7 J/cm², the distribution of energy density of the laser beam can be Gaussian. On the contrary, when energy density is less than 6.7 J/cm², the distribution of energy density of the laser beam can be uniform. Our study could provide a valuable reference for evaluating characteristics of damage to optical component working under irradiation in large-aperture high-energy laser. It is also reterable in operating and maintaining large-aperture high-energy laser facility.