To improve the muzzle speed and energy utilization of the coil launcher, this article studies the impact of different circuit topology structures of the magnetic resistance electromagnetic coil launcher to improve the performance. Four topology structures, including silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) type, half-bridge type, resistor capacitor diode (RCD) absorption type, and boost-buck type, are analyzed, and the influence of different topology on the performance is studied by finite element method. The results show that under the same conditions, compared with the SCR circuit, among the three switchable circuits, the boost-buck circuit has the least increase in armature muzzle speed, which is 78.77%; the RCD circuit has the least increase in system energy utilization, which is 220.66%. The attenuation rate of the current in the turn-off circuit will affect the acceleration of the armature, and there is an optimal current attenuation rate curve. The one with the most balanced combination of muzzle speed and system energy utilization in the single-stage turn-off circuits is the half-bridge discharge circuit; boost-buck discharge circuit is more flexible and suitable for use in multi-stage coil launcher.