Aiming at the problems such as low positioning accuracy and serious signal interference in the large-area panel light arrangement scene of indoor visible light positioning(VLP), a code division multiple access(CDMA) modulation and demodulation VLP system based on received signal strength(RSS) algorithm is proposed, The principles of the RSS algorithm and CDMA modulation and demodulation VLP system are introduced, and the positioning accuracy of the system is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the maximum error of the positioning of the fixed point is 0.3 m without considering the factors such as real-time movement and delay refresh. The algorithm solves the problem of low positioning accuracy of the edge corner region in the traditional positioning algorithm and improves the robustness of the VLP system.