Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing (DOFVS) technology is the research focus of the optical fiber sensing field in recent years, and it has been widely used in many application areas such as perimeter security, pipeline maintenance and engineering structural health monitoring. This paper summarizes the features and research status of optical-fiber interferometer-based distributed vibration sensing technology, emphasizing on the new progress in the past few years. The fundamental working principles, location methods and main technical specifications of the novel system configurations and sensing theories are analyzed in detail. Moreover, the purpose and implementation process of the novel data-processing algorithms are also introduced. The developing trend and application prospect are presented and discussed.