In this paper, with the metal zinc coated with cement-based materials as a sacrificial anode, the protective effect of sacrificial anode on steel bars was studied in concrete simulated pore solution to simulate carbonization and chloride ion erosion environments. The electrochemical test results show that when Q235 steel and pure zinc sheet form a galvanic pair, Q235 steel is prone to corrosion in a 1.5% (mass fraction) sodium chloride solution. However, adding an appropriate amount of alkali (LiOH) and halogen alkali metal compounds (LiBr) to simulated pore solution can stimulate the continuous dissolution of metallic zinc, continue to provide sacrificial anode protection and effectively inhibite the corrosion of steel sheets. Combined with XRD test results, it can be judged that LiOH can maintain zinc dissolution and generate zinc hydroxide, and the presence of halogen can induce corrosion of metallic zinc. Compared to halogen alkali metal compounds, adding high concentration of LiOH has a better rust resistance effect on steel bars. This study contributes to improve the excitation technology of sacrificial anode materials and enhance the protective effect of sacrificial anode technology on steel bars.