In order to improve the image quality of laser reflection tomography target reconstruction, an iterative reconstruction algorithm commonly used in CT imaging was introduced in the image reconstruction process of laser reflex tomography. Then, the performance characteristics of direct backprojection algorithm, R-L and S-L filtered backprojection algorithm and iterative reconstruction algorithm in image reconstruction were analyzed. Finally, simulations and field experiments were conducted. The results show that the filtered backprojection algorithm has a significant improvement over the direct backprojection algorithm in reducing errors and suppressing noise. In addition, compared with the backprojection algorithm, algebraic iterative reconstruction algorithm shows better reconstruction quality and has stronger noise suppression performance.