Based on the principle of laser induced fluorescence, a laser induced fluorescence aerosol detection device is developed. The device uses the Nd:YAG pulsed laser in 355 nm wavelength, and the laser is guided to sample cell, then the fluorescence is collected into the high resolution grating spectrograph, finally the fluorescence spectrum is displayed. Two typical biological fluorescent substances reduced coenzyme I (NADH) and riboflavin are chosen as samples to test the performance of the device. Under the excitation of the laser in 355 nm wavelength, the reduced coenzyme I and riboflavin fluorescence spectrum are obtained. The influence of concentration on the fluorescence intensity of riboflavin is studied experimentally, and results show that fluorescence intensity has a linear relation with the riboflavin concentration during the low concentration range. The influence of the laser intensity is also studied, the results show that fluorescence intensity changes linearly with laser power within the limits, but the fluorescence intensity saturation will happen when the laser power reaches a certain value. The biological fluorescent materials database given by the laser induced fluorescence method is helpful to understand and grasp the biological fluorescence characteristics and is of significance to remote sensing of biological aerosols.