The Boussinesq equation is a very important equation in fluid mechanics and some other disciplines. A Lax pair of the Boussinesq equation is proposed. With the help of the truncated Painlevé expansion, auto-B?cklund transformation of the Boussinesq equation and B?cklund transformation between the Boussinesq equation and the Schwarzian Boussinesq equation are demonstrated. Nonlocal symmetries of the Boussinesq equation are discussed. One-parameter subgroup invariant solutions and one-parameter group transformations are obtained. The consistent Riccati expansion solvability of the Boussinesq equation is proved and some interaction structures between soliton-cnoidal waves are obtained by consistent Riccati expansion.