Geomagnetic measurement error compensation technology is one of the key technologies in geomagnetic navigation，which is essentially a comprehensive issue of the calibration of magnetometer and the compensation of vehicle interferential magnetic field. The geomagnetic measurement error compensation and the research progress of its approaches are reviewed in this paper. The research status of this technology at home and abroad is illustrated，and the compensation models and compensation methods are analyzed. The key technologies and existing problems which restrain its development are pointed out,and its developing trend is proposed.