The main factors which affect the retrieving of aerosol parameters over the sea surface are analyzed by solving the vector radiative transfer equation according to the models based on the method of successive orders of scattering. An algorithm for the estimating of aerosol optical properties over the sea surface is provided and realized according to the look-up table of reflectance and polarized reflectance estimated from the sea surface aerosol model. By using the data of polarized radiance from the self-developed airborn multi-angle directional polarized camera (DPC) flying over the Bohai Bay, the aerosol optical thickness and ngstrm exponent are retrieved, and the results show that the average values of optical thickness and ngstrm exponent over the area are respectively 0.441 and 1.15. For the validation of the algorithm as well as the processing of data, the values are compared with those retrieved simultaneously from ground based sun-photometer (CE318) mounted at several different places. Results show that they are in agreement, which demonstrates the feasibility of the algorithm for the practical issue of the background of sea and sky.