FeCrNiSi alloy cladding layer was prepared on GCr15 steel substrate using laser cladding technology. The effects of laser processing parameters on the microstructure, hardness and friction, and wear properties of the cladding layer were studied using the depth of field microscope, microhardness tester, and friction and wear tester. The primary dendrite size of the cladding layer was found to increase with an increase in laser power and scanning speed. However, the primary dendrite spacing first increases and then decreases with an increase in laser power, and the secondary dendrite spacing decreases gradually. The primary dendrite spacing first increases and then decreases with an increase in the scanning speed, whereas the secondary dendrite spacing first decreases and then increases. The surface hardness of the cladding layer increases with a decrease in laser power or an increase in the scanning speed. When the laser power and the scanning speed are 2400 W and 7 mm/s, respectively, the maximum hardness of the cladding layer is 781.5 HV, and the hardness value is 3.4 times that of the substrate. The wear mechanism of the cladding layer prepared using this process parameter evolves from abrasive and adhesive wear to fatigue-dominated wear mechanism.