The fruiting body of edible fungi is sensitive to light in the development stage, and there are no studies on the response of growth and nutritional quality of Pholiota adiposa to different spectral irradiation. In this study, Pholiota adipose was grown in an artificial light-type plant factory with pure white light as control (CK), and four treatments were set up: pure green (G), pure blue (B), pure red (R), and red-blue (RB). The light cycle was 12 h light /12 h darkness. The optimum light quality was determined by analyzing the effects of different light qualities on the traits, spectral characteristics, and mineral elements of Pholiota adiposa. The results showed that red light significantlypromoted the growth of Pholiota adiposestipe and the increase of fruiting body quality by 78.4% and 90.0%, respectively, compared with the control (p<0.05). Blue light significantly increased stipe diameter and pileus diameter by 22.8% and 19.1%, respectively, compared with the control (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the thickness of the pileus between different treatments, indicating that the light quality had little effect on the pileus thickness. Compared with the control, the Hue value of Pholiota adiposepileus was increased in all treatments (5.3%~28.9% increase), while the Hue value of the stipe was decreased in all treatments (26.3%~46.7% decrease). The color spectral parameters such as C, MACRI, and PRI value of the pileus and stipe of Pholiota adiposa increased under green light treatment, which is more conducive to the coloring of Pholiota adiposa than other light qualities. In actual production, the shapes and colorationof the stipe and pileus can be adjusted by changing the light quality according to different market demands. Compared with the control, all light treatments increased the content of P and K-elements in the Pholiota adipose pileus (by 4%~15% and 7%~16%, respectively) and decreased the content of K, Ca, Mg, Na, and Mn elements in the stipe to different degrees. All light treatments decreased the accumulation of Ca and Na elements in the fruit body of Pholiota adiposa, and the accumulation of other elements except Ca and Na was increased and reached the highest level under green light. Therefore, green light is more favorable to mineral element accumulation in Pholiota adiposa than other light qualities. This study provides a theoretical basis for regulating the light environment in the factory production of the specialty mushroom Pholiota adiposa.