Phase-stabilized microwave signal transmission has been widely used for radar, space observations, and satellite navigation. To address the problems of low transmission efficiency and slow speed of active compensation in a point-to-point phase-stabilized transmission scheme, herein, we propose a scheme for point-to-multipoint microwave signal transmission via optical fiber links using passive phase correction, which is required for achieving a large compensation range and multiple access points. At the local end, we use a power splitter to divide the microwave signal into two paths, which are used as the signal to be transmitted and detection signals after frequency division. The signal to be transmitted is mixed with the detection signal following a roundtrip transmission via the optical fiber to obtain a down-converted signal. The down-converted signal is then transmitted to the remote end through the same fiber link to be mixed with the forward detection signal for one-trip transmission. This generates a stabilized microwave signal, and the stable point-to-multipoint phase transmission is realized from a rational design of the structure. Experimental results show that the root mean square (RMS) timing jitter of a 2-GHz signal in this multi-link distributed structure is 0.968 ps across a 10-km fiber link, whereas the RMS timing jitter of a single-link distributed structure is 1.606 ps over an 11-km fiber link.