Boron nitride aerogel is a kind of new nanomaterials with three-dimensional porous network structure, which takes solid as the framework and gas as the dispersion medium. It has high specific surface area, high porosity, low density and other excellent properties. In addition, compared with graphene aerogels, it exhibits better insulation, oxidation resistance, thermal stability and chemical stability. These outstanding properties make it promising application in the fields of gas adsorption, catalysis, sewage purification, thermal insulation/conduction. This article systematically reviewed the preparation methods of boron nitride aerogels including the hard template method, soft template method, low-dimensional boron nitride assembly method, and template-free method in the light of domestic and foreign research status. Moreover, the important applications of boron nitride aerogels in key fields are summarized, and the future development direction is prospected.