Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) technology has the advantages of high sensitivity, high resolution, and non-destructive properties, and is currently a hot research topic. The continuous development and application of LIF technology provide us with more possibilities to deeply understand and solve important issues such as environmental pollution, food safety, and disease diagnosis, and make positive contributions to achieving sustainable development and human health. This article mainly introduces the principle, detection system, and classification of LIF technology. It reviews the current application of laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy in the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil, food safety detection, and biomedical detection. Finally, it looks forward to the development trend of LIF technology in the field of detection, laying a foundation for further development of LIF technology in soil pollution, food safety, and biomedical detection in the future.