The fluorescence spectra of the aromatic hydrocarbons are investigated by the alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) method. The complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) decomposition and the wavelet soft threshold algorithm are used for spectral denoising, and the signal-to-noise ratio of 28.51 and the root-mean-square error of 3.52×103 are obtained after the treatment. With the ATLD algorithm, the 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol and naphthalene are successfully recognized with a recovery rate of 96%-103.3%, 97.24%-103.9%, and 97.2%-103.6%, respectively. The results show that the ATLD algorithm possesses a good predictability for the aromatic hydrocarbons.