The advantages, principle and structure of the IEPE circuit of piezoelectric shock wave overpressure sensor are analyzed and discussed, and the IEPE signal conditioning circuit based on discrete devices is designed. The circuit is simulated and verified by experiments, and the amplification factor, amplitude-frequency characteristic, linearity and temperature characteristic of the circuit are obtained. The test results show that the frequency response bandwidth of the circuit is greater than 600 kHz, the linearity is about 0.4%, and the fluctuation of frequency response at full-temperature is less than 4.3%, which can meet the requirements of the IEPE circuit of the shock wave overpressure sensor. The influence of electromagnetic interference and other factors on the shock wave pressure test system is avoided, the circuit miniaturization is realized, and the test system is simplified. It has practical significance for the realization of IEPE piezoelectric overpressure sensor.