A low resolution visual recognition method for mobile robots based on lidar echo signals is proposed to achieve visual tracking guidance and real-time control during the robot operation process through low resolution visual recognition. Using the emitted lidar echo signal as the visual guidance signal of the mobile robot, the ranging parame- ters of the lidar echo signal are extracted. Through radar echo detection and distance parameter estimation, the positio- ning detection and process guidance of the robot visual tracking process are achieved. Combined with low resolution visual enhancement methods, a signal filtering and visual guidance information enhancement model is established to optimize the design of visual recognition algorithms. Design a binocular camera acquisition module, visual recognition module, and visual positioning module to optimize the design of the robot visual recognition system in an integrated programmable logic environment. Tests have shown that the designed system can effectively achieve echo localization detection and visual guidance tracking recognition for mobile robots, with small parallax and high tracking accuracy.