Accurate calibration of system parameters is a very important mission in the development of high-accuracy measurement equipment. As for multi-channel shipboard star sensor, calibration of the optical system parameters and the equipment structure parameters is an important prerequisite for accurate positioning. Comprehensively considering origin error, directing error, non-orthogonal of the axes, scale error and inclination error of the optical system, the calibration model and method of the optical system parameters is established. The calibration method of the equipment structure parameters is established according to the structure features of multi-channel. The accuracy of the calibration method is about five arcseconds, which is high enough for positioning accuracy of shipboard star sensor.