Disease diagnosis technology based on human breath analysis, which belongs to the scope of non-destructive medical diagnosis research, is an important development direction of medical diagnosis in the future and will play an important role in non-destructive medical disease diagnosis in the future. Especially in the context of the current rampant new crown epidemic, the demand for non-invasive, real-time, and highly accurate disease diagnosis technology is more urgent. Based on the basic principles and technical characteristics of cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, this paper outlines the history and current situation of the development of cavity-enhanced human breath diagnosis technology at home and abroad, and analyzes the future development direction of cavity-enhanced human breath diagnosis technology on the basis of summarizing the characteristics of human breath diagnosis, which can provide reference for the development and application of the subsequent technology.