Photoluminescence of plasmon nanomaterials is now a fundamental property of plasmons. Over the past two decades, this phenomenon has been observed in various plasmon materials with diverse structures. This study briefly discusses experimental research progress in plasmon photoluminescence, focusing on the representative types of proposed plasmon photoluminescence and briefly analyzing their photophysical processes. Furthermore, this study explores the cutting-edge applications of photoluminescence using plasmon materials in recent years in sensing, biological imaging, and other fields. Finally, it summarizes the research progress and problems faced in the photoluminescence of plasmon materials, the prospects of this photophysical process, and future research directions.