Aiming at camera calibration with one dimensional (1D) objects, a new mathematical model of a novel method for camera calibration is proposed, in which the world coordinate system is established with the 1D object. Generally, assuming that the 1D calibration object is located along the X-axis of the world coordinate system and the 1D homography matrix between 1D calibration object and its image plane is defined. The basic constraint for 1D camera calibration from a single image is derived. The closed-form solution is estimated by linear least-square method based on the basic constraint equations and the final calibration results are obtained by minimizing the projection error of the points. Simulation results with real experiment show that the proposed method is valid and feasible. The experimental results indicate that compared with traditional method, the proposed novel method has the characteristic of higher closed-form solution precision and the image coordinates of the fixed point are not needed to be estimated when the fixed point is invisible.