Based on the intertemporal technical attributes, this study systematically explored the influence of age on farmers’ adoption of intertemporal green agricultural technology, and conducted an empirical test by employing the survey data of 1,372 farmers in Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, and Hubei Provinces and using a mediating effect model. The results show that, first, the effect of age on farmers’ adoption of intertemporal green agricultural technology is inverted U-shaped. Second, human capital and risk preference are two important mediating variables for the influence of age, whose mediating effects explain 71.94% of the effect of age. Third, information and scale of land parcels play an important role in promoting the younger farmers’ adoption of intertemporal green agricultural technology, while economic value cognition, poverty, water supply, subsidies, and punishment policies have a positive impact on the adoption of intertemporal green agricultural technology by older farmers. Social capital has a negative impact on the adoption of green technology of young farmers, but it is beneficial for old farmers to take action. In the long run, speeding up the cultivation of new professional farmers, improving the new agricultural management system, and further developing the agricultural insurance system are important ways and necessary guarantee for the adoption of intertemporal green agricultural technology.