In order to improve the quality of circuit board infrared image enhancement, the butterfly universe algorithm is proposed. The butterfly universe topology structure and the universe information flow process are built, the multi universe information flow migration strategy is made by two-way migration between various cosmic links. The function to evaluate the circuit board infrared image enhancement effect is taken as the fitness function of the butterfly universe algorithm by the adaptive incomplete Beta function. Finally, the algorithm process is provided. Simulation results show that the butterfly universe algorithm has good circuit board infrared image enhancement effect, the enhanced image is clearer, and the two-dimensional entropy and contrast measurement index of image information are better.