In order to achieve the safe transmission of protection setting in the coalmine high-voltage power grid, a protection setting transmission protocol based on quantum entanglement and channel self-checking is proposed. The protocol realizes the secure transmission of protection setting based on quantum entanglement properties, and consumes the less entangled particles by introducing the channel self-checking function. It establishes the quantitative relation between the consumed entangled particles number, number of routers that passes through and the transmission error rate of the packet. The simulation results show that compared with the setting transmission protocol based on quantum entanglement channel, it can complete the secure transmission of protection setting by consuming less entangled particles, whether the quantum communication network is stable or not. And when the quantum communication network scale increases, the proposed protocol consumes less entangled particles in transmission process, and it is more suitable for large-scale quantum communication network.