Aiming at the problem that the short-term high temperature of optical fiber composite low-voltage cable(OPLC) in operation affects the transmission performance of optical fiber in the cable, a heat-resistant OPLC structure optimization scheme is proposed. Firstly, the OPLC structure is optimized and improved, and the OPLC material selection is studied. Then, the COMSOL multi-physics field simulation software is used to realize the simulation modeling of the heat-resistant OPLC three-dimensional model, and the simulation model is modified according to the current thermal effect and the reaction principle of temperature on the resistance, so as to explore the three-dimensional thermal field distribution of the cable in the simulation state under the optimized structure. Finally, combined with the current OPLC heat resistance test requirements, the test scheme of heat resistance and overload test suitable for heat-resistant OPLC is studied. The test results show that the fiber attenuation loss of OPLC is less than 0.15dB/km when the temperature is 10% higher than the maximum standard temperature for 15 min.