In this paper, the dielectric properties of aqueous glucose solution with a broadband of 200 MHz--10 GHz are measured using a network analyzer. The measurement results show that when the frequency is constant, the dielectric constant and conductivity of the solution tend to decrease as the glucose concentration increases. The single-order Debye model and second-order polynomial are used to fit the measurement data of the dielectric properties of the aqueous glucose solution at each concentration. The relationship between dielectric properties and concentration and frequency is effectively quantified. Based on the parameters of the Debye model, a three-dimensional earlobe dispersion model and an antenna transceiver structure are established. The simulation results show that the S₂₁ signal and glucose concentration maintain a stable and regular response relationship over a wide frequency band, which can be expressed by a quadratic polynomial. This microwave non-invasive blood glucose detection method based on S₂₁ can be used to evaluate unknown blood glucose concentrations.