Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) provides important applications in diverse fields. In order to achieve high-precision SERS detection of trace molecules, current research focuses on how to increase the density of hot spots and the number of analyte molecules in the detection area. An ultrafast laser can rapidly construct large-area micro/nano-structures on material surfaces. It is important for the commercial preparation of high-performance SERS sensors. In this paper, the ultrafast laser preparation of high-performance SERS sensors is introduced from the aspect of the density of hot spots and the number of analyte molecules in the detection region. Ultrafast lasers enable both "bottom-up" and "top-down" processing. In particular, the superhydrophobic surface prepared by the ultrafast laser is one of the most effective methods to achieve the enrichment of analyte molecules. Finally, a prospect for the development of laser-prepared SERS substrates is provided.