Regarding the problem that the distribution pattern of polarized light is complex in test environments and the divergence of feature points reduces the accuracy of fitting solar meridian using the least square method, we propose a solar meridian extraction method based on Hough transformation. First, we build a polarized light distribution pattern test system and obtain the polarization azimuth distribution model based on the Stokes vector principle. By setting the feature threshold, we obtain the feature area of the solar meridian. Then, we detect the feature area edge and direction of the edge lines using the Canny operator and Hough transformation, respectively. Next, we calculate the solar meridian azimuth by combining the symmetry distribution relationship. Through the test experiment, we compare the measurement accuracy of the proposed method with that of the least square method. The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher measurement accuracy than the least square method. When the feature threshold is 3<N≤6, the measurement correctness and measurement precision of the proposed method improved by 5.53%-87.84% and 1.81%-92.68%, respectively, compared with the least square method.