The problems of strength and durability of concrete materials for infrastructure structures in plateau climate are becoming more and more prominent. It is of great significance to study the influence of plateau climate environment on concrete properties. The low pressure test chamber was used to simulate the air pressure environment of 95.0, 70.7, 57.6, 47.0 and 38.7 kPa, and the performance indicators such as compressive strength, pore structure and phase composition of cement paste under different curing air pressures were tested. The results show that at the same age, with the decrease of curing air pressure, the compressive strength of cement paste decreases and the porosity increases, the most probable pore diameter of the sample increases, the proportion of transition pore decreases, the proportion of capillary pore and macropore increases, and the Ca(OH)2 in the hydration products of cement paste decreases. In addition, the correlation between the compressive strength of cement paste and pore structure was analyzed, based on the pore structure parameters of cement paste, and the prediction model of compressive strength of cement paste was established.