Regarding to the link failure of fiber optic sensor network in multi-agent collaboration health monitoring system, a self-healing method of fiber optic sensing network based on optical switch and graph theory is proposed. Using the graph theory, the connectivity of fiber optic sensor network link with optical switches is expressed, the switching strategy when link failures happen in fiber optic sensor network is studied, and the self-healing of failure fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor′ signals is realized. Using the aviation aluminum structure as the experimental object and aiming at the typical link failures of fiber optic sensor network, its self-healing effect based on optical switch and multi-agent collaboration through contrast experiment is studied. The experimental results show that, with optical switch and multi-agent collaboration, the recognition accuracy is improved by 10.02 mm compared with that of unrepaired model, which is only lower 3.61 mm compared with that of health model, showing that optical switch and multi-agent collaboration can effectively improve the loading recognition accuracy and the reliability of fiber optic sensor network.