Computational imaging, an interdisciplinary field that integrates optical design, optical sensing, and image processing, overcomes the limitations in the depth and scope of information acquisition associated with traditional imaging techniques. It has emerged as the focal point of international research efforts and represents an advanced trajectory for optical imaging technologies. This review includes insights from domestic and international academic literature. Futher, herein, the technological development of computational imaging applications in information restoration and enhancement scenarios is discussed. This review investigates primary advancements in various subdomains by exploring novel methods and algorithms. We also discuss various frameworks ranging from end-to-end camera-image-optimization models to diffractive optical models and ray-tracing-based lens models. Remarkable developments have recently been made in hardware fabrication and image processing algorithms, which have accelerated the evolution of computational imaging technologies. From applications in facial recognition to object detection, computational imaging technology is widely used in various domains, such as security surveillance, medical diagnostics, retail, and entertainment. The convergence of diverse system architectures with advanced algorithms can be further improved in near future by extending applications to an even broader spectrum of scientific domains.