A real-time image recording system was designed to record spot wander formed by two orthogonal laser beams, and a series of laser beam atmospheric transmission field experiments were conducted to compare the spot wander and study atmospheric turbulence’s anisotropy by inversion. The experimental results show that the atmospheric turbulence near the ground is anisotropic which can be manifested as follows: 1) It is related to the wind direction. A significant difference between vertical wander and horizontal was recorded when the angle between the transmission path and the wind direction was small. When the laser transmission path is orthogonal to the wind direction, vertical wander is basically the same as the horizontal. 2) It is related to real-time temperature. Among the four wander components of two orthogonal laser beams, an uneven distribution of spot wander was found, and temperature decrease increases the intensity of the uneven distribution. Based on the comprehensive analysis of research results, this paper proposes a concept named atmospheric turbulence anisotropy intensity index A which can quantify characteristics and intensity of atmospheric turbulence’s anisotropy.