Sodium-based layered oxides are a reasearch hotspot due to thier high specific capacity and high ionic conductivity. Different ordering superstructures in these materilas, including Na+/vacancy ordering in Na layer, charge ordering and transition metal ordering in transition metal layer, greatly affect the phase transition process, voltage profile and ion diffusion coefficient, etc.. The characteristics of three types of ordering superstructures were introduced, and the effects of ionic interaction, Fermi level and ionic radius on the ordering superstructures were also discussed. Meanwhile, this review summarized some work on the disordering structures and predicted the promising design directions to supress the ordering structures, for providing a guidance for the structural design of high-performance electrode materials.