Because the received signal is not de noised, the problem of large estimation error and low accuracy of delay estimation in optical fiber communication link is caused. In order to solve the problem in the method, a study on delay estimation in high-speed optical fiber communication link based on edge computing is proposed. The optical communication network architecture is designed through edge computing. The network communication model is built based on the cloud computing layer in the optical communication network architecture, and the optical signal is obtained. The optical signal is transmitted through the direct link, and the high-speed optical fiber communication model is established. The generalized correlation algorithm is used to denoise the pre filter of the received signal. After the received signal is denoised, the Kalman filtering method and Round trip algorithm are combined to complete the time delay estimation of high-speed optical fiber communication system. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high accuracy, good effect and high practical application value in high-speed optical fiber communication.