In order to improve the tracking accuracy of the photoelectric tracking system, a method for designing the coaxial tracking system of the coarse tracking link is proposed.Based on this, the control method of the fine tracking system is studied, and an Adaptive Backstepping Sliding Mode (ABSM) controller is designed.The controller is applied to the fine tracking system to form a dual composite shaft system based on coaxial tracking.The route data of three types of anti-ship missiles is generated by computer simulation, and the tracking effects of the composite axis system are simulated.The simulation results show that the system can accurately and stably track the target and meet the accuracy requirements of the tracking system of shipborne laser weapons.