Some enhanced common gemstones via filling and coating treatments in the market were selected for the regular gemological test and infrared spectral investigation. The research discloses that the enhanced gemstone cannot be distinguished using the regular gemological features, but it can be accurately and quickly identified using the infrared spectral features. The test results show that the absorption bands ranging from 2800 cm ^-1 to 3200 cm ^-1 observed using a transmission method can be used to identify whether the gems have been treated with organic material filling. The absorption bands around 2850, 2928, and 2966 cm ^-1 can be seen in oil-soaked and wax-soaked gemstones, and the characteristic identification bands around 3035, 3056, and 3095 cm ^-1 can be found in colloid-filled gemstones. Further, a stronger spectrum indicates a higher degree of filling. The spectral bands around 2235 cm ^-1 and 2609 cm ^-1 are the identification characteristics of gems filled with lead glass. The organic-material-coated gemstones can be directly identified using an infrared reflection method.