A portable bio-aerosol short-rang lidar-measuring system which meets laser irradiation eye-safe requirement was established to realize real-time warning and monitoring of aerosol of biological warfare agent in human activity areas. Taking a 405 nm semiconductor laser with high-frequency modulation as the excitation light source and a 200 mm-caliber Cassegrain telescope system as the signal light collection system, the portable bio-aerosol laser radar short-range lidar-measuring system based on pseudo-random modulation was mounted. The system was equipped with 4 synchronizing detection channels: parallel polarization scattering and vertical polarization scattering light detection, 450 nm and 530 nm waveband fluorescence detections. Bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus and yeast was taken as examples in the preliminary test of the laser radar system. The out-field experiment shows that the spatial resolution of the bio-aerosol lidar-measuring system is 1.5 m and detection distance of fluorescence channel is 100 m; the false alarm rate of back substitution for variety recognition of three bio-aerosols is 9%, 11.5% and 14.5% and crossing false alarm rate is 113%. The laser energy of the lidar system is lower than the requirement of laser irradiation eye-safe standard and it realizes identification of bio-aerosols basically.